(i) For an air-glass surface, the critical angle can be calculated using the formula:
Critical angle = sin^(-1)(ng/na)
Critical angle = sin^(-1)(1.5/1)
Critical angle ≈ 41.81 degrees
(ii) For an air-water surface, the critical angle can be calculated using the formula:
Critical angle = sin^(-1)(nw/na)
Critical angle = sin^(-1)(1.33/1)
Critical angle ≈ 48.75 degrees
(iii) For a water-glass surface, the critical angle can be calculated using the formula:
Critical angle = sin^(-1)(ng/nw)
Critical angle = sin^(-1)(1.5/1.33)
Critical angle ≈ 61.64 degrees
The diagrams illustrating total reflection for each case are as follows:
(i) Air-Glass Surface:
Incident ray hits the surface at an angle less than the critical angle, it refracts through the glass.
Incident ray hits the surface at the critical angle, it refracts along the surface.
Incident ray hits the surface at an angle greater than the critical angle, it reflects back into the air.
(ii) Air-Water Surface:
Incident ray hits the surface at an angle less than the critical angle, it refracts through the water.
Incident ray hits the surface at the critical angle, it refracts along the surface.
Incident ray hits the surface at an angle greater than the critical angle, it reflects back into the air.
(iii) Water-Glass Surface:
Incident ray hits the surface at an angle less than the critical angle, it refracts through the glass.
Incident ray hits the surface at the critical angle, it refracts along the surface.
Incident ray hits the surface at an angle greater than the critical angle, it reflects back into the water.
